Which segmentation activity can be scheduled to refresh data automatically via an Automation?

The SQL Query Activity is the correct choice for automatically refreshing data via an Automation. This type of activity allows users to run SQL queries against the data extensions stored in Salesforce Marketing Cloud, enabling them to create or update data dynamically based on specific conditions. By scheduling a SQL Query Activity within an Automation, you ensure that the data set is refreshed regularly without manual intervention.

This capability is essential for maintaining up-to-date lists or segments, especially in large databases where customer information may change frequently. The SQL Query can be set up to transform or filter the data based on business needs, ensuring that subsequent activities or emails utilize the most current information.

Other activities listed may perform valuable functions in Marketing Cloud, but they do not directly support the same level of dynamic data updating through scheduled automation as the SQL Query Activity does.